Petroleum pitch derived hard carbon via NaCl-template as anode materials with high rate performance for sodium ion battery

High-performance hard carbon anode materials for sodium-ion batteries were prepared by using petroleum pitch and NaCl as the carbon source and templating agent respectively. The carbonization time and temperature were optimized by comparing the sodium ion storage behaviors of different hard carbon materials. Under a current density of 0.5 A·g⁻¹, the initial discharge capacity of the optimal hard carbon material can reach 276 mAh·g⁻¹. Meanwhile, this material exhibits good capacity retention ability (the reversible capacity is 170 mAh·g⁻¹ after 750 cycles) and excellent rate capability (the capacity is 166 mAh·g⁻¹ at 2 A·g⁻¹). Through kinetic analysis, it was found that the graphitization degree and surface area of the material affect the transport and storage of sodium ions, thereby influencing its electrochemical performance.

Journal information:Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering